Organic Amendments Boost Soil Fertility and Rice Productivity and Reduce Methane Emissions from Paddy Fields under Sub-Tropical Conditions

Deteriorating soil fertility and gradually decreasing rice productivity along with higher greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields have emerged as serious threats to the sustainability of production food security. Rice in subtropical environment Bangladesh is mostly dependent on synthetic inorganic fertilizer maintain productivity; however, has negative effects global warming. Climate-smart resilient agricultural systems are major concerns nowadays meet sustainable development goals. The study was conducted evaluate optimum rate source organic amendments CH4 emission. A total nine nutrient combinations were used study. emission, redox potential (Eh), pH, nitrogen carbon, available phosphorus, grain straw greatly affected by application different rates sources nutrient. However, exchangeable K content, plant height, harvest index not affected. Among treatments, 75% recommended (RF) + biosolid 2 t ha−1 (T3) most effective showed superior performance terms P (12.90 ppm), number grains panicle−1 (121), 1000-grain weight (24.6g), grain, yield moderate emission (18.25 mg m−2h−1). On other hand, lowest Eh (−158 mV) pH (6.65) measured treatment T3. finding this revealed that RF can be preferable amendment for boosting yield, reduce emissions, sustainably fertility. Furthermore, may help introduce doses, which will contribute economic turnouts farmers.